Which of the following can lead to septic system failure?

The factors mentioned in the correct answer—excess water load, lack of maintenance, and poor soil conditions—are critical in understanding why septic system failure can occur.

Excess water load refers to the volume of wastewater that a septic system is designed to handle. When a household or commercial property exceeds the system's capacity, it can overwhelm the septic tank and drain field, leading to backups, overflow, and the potential release of untreated sewage into the environment.

Lack of maintenance is another crucial factor. Regular inspections and pump outs of the septic tank are essential to prevent sludge from accumulating to dangerous levels. Without proper maintenance, systems can fail due to clogs or damage that goes unnoticed until it becomes a significant issue.

Poor soil conditions can hinder the effective absorption of effluent from the septic system. Soil that is too compacted, overly sandy, or contains a high clay content can prevent proper drainage and filtration, leading to system failure.

The other options do not align with common causes of septic system failure. Low water levels and tight budgets, while they may affect a property's ability to maintain a system or lead to improper usage, do not directly cause failure in the same manner as the elements mentioned in the correct answer. Regular inspections and proper permits are